Education Spend and Numbers of Students (13-16)

Delivered March 20th, 2020. Contributors: Michael W., Spencer I., Mario M., Dagmawit W. and

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Education Spend and Numbers of Students 13

We have entered the requested information regarding the Spain government's annual education budget and the number of students in primary and secondary schools for each year between 2010 and 2019 in row 15 of the attached spreadsheet. Below is an overview of the request.

Spain - Government's Annual Education BudgetIn 2017, the Spain government's expenditure on education was €49,463,674,100 ($52,755,135,765.63) [1 EUR = 1.06654 USD].
The education budget of the Spain government for 2016 = 4.21% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2016) * $1.232 trillion (2016 GDP) = $51,867,200,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2015 = 4.27% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2015) * $1.195 trillion (2015 GDP) = $51,026,500,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2014 = 4.28% (Government expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2014) * $1.369 trillion (2014 GDP) = $58,592,200,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2013 = 4.33% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2013) * $1.355 trillion (2013 GDP) = $58,671,500,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2012 = 4.43% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2012) * $1.325 trillion (2012 GDP) = $58,697,500,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2011 = 4.87% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2011) * $1.479 trillion (2011 GDP) = $72,027,300,000.
The education budget of the Spain government for 2010 = 4.82% (Government's expenditure on education as total percentage of GDP in 2010) * $1.421 trillion (2010 GDP) = $68,492,200,000.
Spain - Number of StudentsThe number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2017 was 6,375,075 (3,042,396 + 3,332,678).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2016 was 6,357,140 (3,027,751 + 3,329,389).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2015 was 6,323,531 (3,010,404 + 3,313,127).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2014 was 6,249,050 (2,960,626 + 3,288,424).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2013 was 6,231,007 (2,934,648 + 3,296,359).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2012 was 6,112,713 (2,816,584 + 3,296,129).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2011 was 6,020,927 (2,772,909 + 3,248,018).
The number of students in Spain's primary and secondary schools in 2010 was 5,905,997 (2,720,989 + 3,185,008).

Research StrategyIn search of information, your research team utilized various of Spain's government-related websites, such as finance and education websites. However, from these sources, the team could not find any information on the government's annual education budget and the number of students (primary and secondary) for each year between 2010 and 2019. We could only find the overall government expenditure.

On using the third-party websites, such as Index Mundi, World Bank, among others, we were able to find the data that helped us in triangulating the required information. These sources provided the percentage of Spain government's expenditure on education from the total GDP for each year between 2010 and 2016 and total Spain's GDP during the same period. Therefore, with this data, we could calculate the budget allocated by the government to the education sector from 2010 to 2016. The 2017 budget is precompiled in this source, EACEA Europa. However, for the years 2018 and 2019, we could not find how much amount was allocated to the education sector by Spain's government. Since the government's total expenditure for 2018 and 2019, respectively, could be found in the public domain, we tried a triangulation approach. Here, we searched for any data, such as the percentage of the budget allocated to education in 2018 and 2019, to help us calculate the government's annual education budget for these two years; however, we could not find any useful information to assist in triangulation. Additionally, we also obtained the statistics on the number of students in primary and secondary schools in Spain from the World Bank website. However, the most recent publicly available data is from 2017. Also, we could not find the number of students for the years 2018 and 2019, respectively. In search of this missing data, we utilized various sources ranging from government's education websites to third-party websites; however, we could not find any relevant data for these two years. 
  

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Education Spend and Numbers of Students 14

Australia has displayed increases in both the number of students enrolled, as well as the amount of money allocated towards education, between the years 2010 to 2019.  For specific details regarding the number of students enrolled, as well as the amount of money allocated, see row 16 of the attached spreadsheet.
Budget Allocated Towards Education by YearIn 2017-2018 $99.62B was allocated towards education.
In 2016-2017 $95.36B was allocated towards education, which was 5.27% of all parliament GDP.
In 2015-2016 $91.25B was allocated towards education, which was 5.31% of all parliament GDP.
In 2014-2015 $88.51B was allocated towards education, which was 5.16% of all parliament GDP.
In 2013-2014 $85.78B was allocated towards education, which was 5.23% of all parliament GDP.
In 2012-2013 $83.71B was allocated towards education.
Frequency of Students by YearIn 2019 there was 2.88M primary students, and 1.07M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.95M students
In 2018 there was 2.25M primary students, and 1.65M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.89M students
In 2017 there was 2.22M primary students, and 1.63M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.85M students
In 2016 there was 2.18M primary students, and 1.62M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.80M students
In 2015 there was 2.14M primary students, and 1.61M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.75M students. 
In 2014 there was 2.17M primary students, and 1.53M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.69M students. 
In 2013 there was 2.13M primary students, and 1.52M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.65M students.
In 2012 there was 2.08M primary students, and 1.51M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.60M students.
In 2011 there was 2.04M primary students, and 1.50M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.54M students
In 2010 there was 2.02M primary students, and 1.50M secondary students, totaling approximately 3.51M students.
Research StrategyStatistics for student frequencies were identified through Australian government websites.  The website changed formatting in 2019, not providing the specific number of primary and secondary students (only providing the overall total).  To approximate the number of primary and secondary students in 2019, the percentage of primary and secondary students was interpolated from 2018-2015.  Results displayed there were 73% of students in primary school and 27% in secondary, for the years 2018 and 2017; and that number moved by less than .01% in 2016 and 2015. Therefore, the total number of students in 2019 was divided, with 73% being allocated to primary schools and 27% to secondary schools. 

After extensively researching various websites, databases, and annual reports, the amount of money allocated to the education system by the federal government displayed contradicting results.  Reasoning for discrepancies are most likely due to how the federal government allocates it's budget towards education.  Australian's parliament provides money to states, territories, and independent sectors to allocate toward education; as well as allocates money directly to the education system.  Therefore, some statistics displayed the amount of money directly allocated to the education system (omitting indirect monetary allocations), whereas others provided the value provided by the government both directly and indirectly.  After filtering results, it was decided to use the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which is a government ran website that reports values from the various sources of government funding. This data has been triangulated using the UNESCO Institution for Statistics Database, which as well provides the GDP allocated towards education.  

Although the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the UNESCO Institution for Statistics Database fail to provide information for all ten years, they were the only websites that had similar comparisons in numbers, thus results from other websites were not reported due to their likelihood of having error, or reporting only direct funding. 

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Education Spend and Numbers of Students 15

Mexico’s annual education sector expenditure from 2010 to 2019 is as shown below. Note, however, that data for the years 2018 and 2019 is not available. The education budget is expressed as a percentage of the annual Gross 

Year 2010
Annual education budget was $54.9 billion.
Primary enrollment was 14906476 while secondary enrollment was 11681530.
Year 2011
Education budget was $60.3 billion.
Primary school enrollment was 14934663 while secondary school enrollment was 11836424.
Year 2012
Education budget was $61.3 billion.
Primary school enrollment stood at 14956982 while secondary school enrollment was 12139246.
Year 2013
The education budget was $59.9 billion 
Primary school enrollment was 14837204 while secondary school enrollment was 12467278
Year 2014
The education budget was $69.1 billion. 
Primary school enrollment was 14627368 while secondary school enrollment stood at 12993322.
Year 2015
The allocated budget for education was $61.3 billion.
The primary school enrollment was 14397928 while secondary school enrollment was 13473206.
Year 2016
The allocated budget was $52.9 billion.
Primary school enrollment was 14,297,027 while secondary school enrollment was 13725467.
Year 2017
The education budget for year 2017 was not explicitly stated but was inferred from expert projections that suggested it would fall by 4.2% of the previous year’s budget allocation. This implies that the 2017 budget would amount to $50.5 billion.
Research Strategy
The final figures for the total enrollment (as presented in the spreadsheet) was the sum of the individual primary and secondary enrollments. Similarly, the total budgetary allocations for the education sector was calculated based on Mexico’s GDP figures from 2010 to 2017. The original data on education expenditure was presented as a percentage of the country’s annual GDP for the same time periods.  Unfortunately, data for 2018 and 2019 was not publicly available. We searched through industry databases and government websites such as the World Bank and the OECD but the data only covered Mexico's budget until 2016.

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Education Spend and Numbers of Students 16

 Row 18 of the attached spreadsheet has been populated with the statistics for the education budget and the number of enrolled students from 2010 to 2019.
IndonesiaThe government proposed spending $35.51 billion on education in 2020. This is up by 30% in comparison to the 2015 budget.
2019's state budget for education was IDR 487.9 trillion. When converted to USD, it is 30,880,723,981.80, which can be rounded off to $30.88 billion.
 2014 and 2016 to 2018 budget allocations were IDR 353.4 trillion, IDR 370.4 trillion, IDR 419.8 trillion, and IDR 444.1 trillion, respectively. These are equivalent to $22.332 billion, $23.406 billion, $26.528 billion, and $28.125 billion.
The number of primary school students from 2011 to 2018 was 27,580,000, 27,580,000, 26,770,000, 26,500,000, 26,130,000, 25,890,000, 25,620,000, and 25,490,000, respectively.
The number of junior high school students from 2011 to 2018 was 9,350,000, 9,430,000, 9,650,000, 9,720,000, 9,930,000, 10,040,000, 10,150,000, and 10,130,000, respectively.
The number of senior high school students from 2011 to 2018 was 4,110,000, 4,200,000, 3,270,000, 4,290,000, 4,230,000, 4,310,000, 4,660,000, and 4,780,000, respectively.
Research StrategyOur research team was able to identify statistics for primary, junior high school, and senior high school students. The statistics for the total number of students was not readily available. Our research determined that the education in Indonesia was divided into these three sections. For this reason, the data provided in the spreadsheet for each year is the total count for all three sections. 

Our research team was unable to provide the budget for some years. For the years that we found, we ensured that the data was presented in USD. We searched through market reports, world bank reports, government data, among others. Our research would either find conflicting data or data points that would require extensive assumptions to calculate. The percentages presented were also estimates. For this reason, we could not present this missing data. Our research team has marked these sections accordingly. 