INCOME DISTRIBUTION EGYPT

• The most recent income inequality survey for Egypt was completed in 2016.
• In 2016, the income distribution for Egypt, as reported in the World Equality Database is as follows;

• Top 1% — 19.1% 
• Top 10% — 48.5% 
• Middle 40% — 33.3% 
• Bottom 50% — 18.2%.

• The World Bank provides data for each country, the most recent data available for Egypt is for 2015 and is presented in quintiles.

• Richest quintile — 41.5% 
• Fourth quintile — 20.6% 
• Third quintile — 16% 
• Second quintile — 12.8% 
• Poorest quintile — 9.1% 

ARPU EGYPT

• Egypt is ranked at 79th for average revenue per user globally.
• In 2019. Egypt's ARPU is $37 USD.

RESEARCH STRATEGY

Income Distribution

• The top 1% of earners in Tunisia earn approximately 7.6% of the country's income while the top 10% earn approximately 31.1%.
• The middle 40%, which approximates the middle class, earn 47.6% of the country's income.
• Finally, the lower 50% of the country's earners account for 21.3% of the income.

Average Revenue Per User

• In 2017, the mobile industry in Tunisia generated $889 million USD in revenue.
• In 2017, there were 8.7 million mobile device subscribers in Tunisia.
• Average revenue per user (ARPU) in the mobile industry in Tunisia can be calculated by dividing the annual revenue for the mobile industry in the country by the number of subscribers ($889 million/$8.7 million), which results in a calculated ARPU of $102.18 USD annually.

INCOME DISTRIBUTION

• The top 1% of Bahrain's earners account for 18% of the country's income.
• The top 10% of the Kingdom of Bahrain's earners make up 52.6% of the country's income.
• The middle 40% of Bahrain's workers, also known as the middle class, earn 35.7% of the country's income.
• The bottom 50% make up 11.7% of Bahrain's total income earned.

ARPU

• Bahrain's ARPU has remained the same at under $20 since 2016.
• Currently, the country's ARPU is $13.26 per month or $159.12 annually.

RESEARCH STRATEGY

INCOME DISTRIBUTION ALGERIA

• The World Bank provides data for each country, the most recent data available for Algeria is for 2010 and is presented in quintiles.

•  Richest quintile — 37.2% 
•  Fourth quintile — 22.3%   
•  Third quintile — 17.5% 
•  Second quintile — 13.7%   
•  Poorest quintile — 9.4%   

ARPU ALGERIA

• Algeria is ranked at 62nd for average revenue per user globally.
• In 2019. Algeria's ARPU is $65 USD.

RESEARCH STRATEGY

Income Distribution

• The top 1% of earners in Kuwait earn approximately 19.9% of the country's income while the top 10% earn approximately 64.5%.
• The middle 40%, which approximates the middle class, earn 28.6% of the country's income.
• Finally, the lower 50% of the country's earners account for 6.8% of the income.

Average Revenue Per User

• There are three mobile/wireless companies available in Kuwait: Zain, VIVA, and Ooredoo.
• In Kuwait in 2016, Zain had annual revenues of $1.1 billion USD , VIVA had annual revenues of $923 million USD and Ooredoo had annual revenues of $665 million USD.
• In 2016, there were an estimated 7.7 million mobile subscribers in Kuwait.
• The average revenue per user can be calculated by adding the revenues of the three mobile companies and dividing by the number of users: ($1,100,000,000+$923,000,000+$665,000,000)/7,700,000) = $348.05 per subscriber per year.

DEMOGRAPHICS — EGYPT

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

• According to the latest UN estimates (July 2019), the population of Egypt is about 100,388,073. Egypt's population density is 102 individuals per square kilometer.
• Egypt's annual rate of urbanization is 1.8%. As of 2019, 39,172,736 (38.7%) Egyptians live in urban areas.
• In 2018, Egypt's infant mortality rate was 19 deaths per 1000 live births. The national fertility rate was 3.47 children per woman during the same period.

GENDER DISTRIBUTION

• The current gender distribution of Egypt’s population is 50.53% men and 49.47% women.

AGE

• In 2018, the Egyptian median age was 23.9 years (23.6 years for men and 24.2 years for women). The distribution by age category and gender are as follows:
• 0-14 years: 33.29% (male, 16,720,307; female, 15,583,019)
• 15-24 years: 18.94% (male, 9,464,262; female, 8,919,614)
• 25-54 years: 37.6% (male, 18,545,422; female, 17,944,582)
• 55-64 years: 5.95% (male, 2,861,136; female, 2,911,586)
• 65 years and over: 4.22% (male, 1,993,248; female, 2,097,896)

ETHNIC DISTRIUBTION

• The majority (91%) of the Egyptian populace is Ethnic Egyptian.
• The largest ethnic minorities that compose the remaining percentage of the population include Turks, Greeks, Abazas, and Bedouin Arab tribes in the Sinai Peninsula and the eastern deserts.

MARITAL STATUS

• In 2017, there were 913,000 marriages recorded in Egypt. Conversely, there were 198,000 recorded divorces, which averages to a divorce ratio of 21.7% divorces for every 100 marriages.
• In 2017, the customary marriage rate was 149,000. One-third of customary marriages involved underage girls, and another 22% involved women between the ages of 22 to 24.
• In Cairo, marriage rates increased by 4.3% in December 2017.
•  Three-quarters of Egyptian females over the age of 16 are married. Ninety-six percent of women between the ages of 30 and 39 are married. For Egyptian men, 91% of those within the same age group (i.e., 30 to 39) are married, but only 1% of males over 45 are not.

EDUCATION DISTRIBUTION

• Increased national access to education has increased Egyptian literacy rates. Two-thirds of Egyptian men are literate, while the proportion of literate women is slightly over half. Nearly three-quarters (73.8%) of Egypt’s total population over the age of 15 can read and write.
• Broken down by gender, 82.2% of males over the age of 15 can read and write compared to 65.4% of females.

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION

• The number of employed persons in Egypt increased to 25,701,000 in the first quarter of 2019 from 25,536,000 in the fourth quarter of 2018. The number of employed persons in Egypt averaged 22,743,180 from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all-time high of 26,295,000 in the third quarter of 2018. Egypt’s cabinet recently announced the decline of the unemployment rate in Egypt, from 9.9% last year to 7.5% in the second quarter of 2019.

POPULATION GROWTH AND PROJECTION

• Egypt’s population growth rate is 2.45%. Forecasts indicate that Egypt’s total population will be 123.5 million in 2050 as stabilization returns to the county.

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH, AND ETHNICITY

• According to 2019 data from World Population Review, the current population of Tunisia is approximately 11.69 million. The country ranks as the 78th most populous nation in the world. Its population has not changed significantly in recent years; instead, Tunisia's growth keeps getting slower. Since 1995, its annual growth rate has declined by almost a whole percentage point, dropping from 2.05% to its current 2019 growth rate of 1.06%.
• Tunisia has "several sizable cities", with approximately two-thirds of its citizens living in urban areas. The country's largest city, which is also the capital, is Tunis. The city has over one million inhabitants, and more than 2 million people living in "the greater metro area".
• Tunisia's second-largest city is Sfax, with 330,000 inhabitants. Ettadhamen, Sousse, Kairouan, Bizerte, Gabes, Aryanah, El Mourouj, and Garsa are also major cities in the country, with more than 100,000 inhabitants.
• The majority of Tunisian inhabitants are Arabs (98%), while Europeans constitute 1% of the country's population. Members of the Jewish community also account for 1% of the nation's population.

AGE DISTRIBUTION, GENDER DISTRIBUTION, AND EDUCATION LEVELS

• According to IndexMundi's estimates, 25.15% of Tunisians are aged 0-14 years, 13.99% are aged 15-24 years, while 43.38% are between 25 and 54 years old. Citizens aged 55-64 years comprise 9.54% of the total population, while 7.95% of Tunisians are 65 years and over.
• About 49.58% of Tunisians are male, while 50.42% are female. At birth, the total life expectancy for both sexes is 75 years. The country's female and male "life expectancy at birth" is 77.2 years and 73 years respectively.
• According to CountryMeters estimates, 81.83% of Tunisians aged 15 years and above can read and write. For the adult male population, the country's literacy rate is 89.62%. On the other hand, Tunisia's adult female literacy rate is 74.24%.
• Tunisians aged 15 to 24 years have literacy rates of 97.76% and 98.35% for females and males respectively. The overall literacy rate for this group is 98.06%.

MARITAL STATUS AND EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION

• A report published in 2017 by The National Office for Family and Population reveals that Tunisia has one of the "highest rate of reluctance to get married". About 60% of its population is reluctant about marriage. As a result, the number of single women increased to over 2.25 million. Spinsterhood in Tunisia is most prevalent among females aged 25 to 34 years.
• In rural parts of Tunisia, child marriage is prevalent compared to urban regions. Two percent of girls in the country get married before attaining the age of 18. In 2018, Tunisia's divorce index increased consistently, peaking at 17,000 divorces within that period.
• A large share of Tunisia's working-age population "is either idle, unemployed, or working in low-quality jobs". As of the first quarter of 2019, 15.3% of the country's population was unemployed. From 2005 to 2019, Tunisia's average unemployment rate was 15.36%. The minimum wage for Tunisians ranges between 5.60-14.60 TND daily.

AGE AND DISTRIBUTION

• The median age in Bahrain is 32.3 years.
•  0-14 years — 19.08%  
•  15-24 years — 15.65%  
•  25-54 years — 56.04% 
•  55-64 years — 6.28% 
•  65 years and over — 2.95%.

GENDER DISTRIBUTION

• Bahrain's current population is 1,641,172, and is made up of 64.27% males and 35.73% females.

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

• Bahrain is very densely populated, with 1,627 people per square kilometer.
• As of 2019, 1,297,139 or 79.2% of the population live in urban areas. The annual urbanization rate is 1.8%.

POPULATION GROWTH/DECLINE

• From 2018 to 2019, Bahrain has seen a population increase of 4.57%. From 2010 to 2019 the population of Bahrain has grown from 1,240,860 to 1,641,172. 
• According to the World Population Prospects, Bahrain's population growth is expected to be 0% from 2019 to 2020, and to be 1.85% from 2020 to 2025.

EDUCATION LEVELS

•  95% of Bahrain's population over the age of 15 can read and write.
•  43.3% of the Bahrain population enrolled in tertiary education.

MATRIAL STATUS

•  58% of the Bahrain population, over the age of 15 are currently married, and 2% of the Bahrain population is divorced. 3% of the population is widowed. The remainder of the population has never married.

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION

• Bahrain has an unemployment rate of 3.6%.
•  770,108 are employed in some way in Bahrain. 63,842 are employed in the public sector, 602,739 are employed in the public sector, and 103,527 are domestic workers.

ETHNIC GROUPS

• Bahrain is made up of the following ethnic groups; Bahraini 46%, Asian 45.5%, other Arab 4.7%, African 1.6%, European 1%, and other 1.2%.

AGE

• Algeria is considered a "young" country, with more than a quarter of its population being under the age of 15.
•  Specifically, 29.31 percent of the country's population is under the age of 15. A further 14.3 percent of the population falls between the ages of 15 and 24; 42.93 percent between 25 and 54; 6.81 percent between 55 and 64; and 5.65 percent aged 65 or older.
• The median age in the country is 28.
• The country has a life expectancy of 77 years.

GENDER

• The country's population is mostly equally distributed between men and women, with women making up 50.52 percent of the population, and men accounting for 49.48 percent.

POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH/DECLINE

• Algeria has a current population of 42,759,882 people.
• While the country's population growth has been slightly decreasing each year since 2015, it "has comparatively stabilized after the long period of war it experienced".
• "The growth rate is projected to continue declining in the years to come, but the population will continue increasing overall. The population is projected to be 43,333,255 in 2020, and 48,821,963 in 2030."
• Ultimately, the country experiences a net gain of one person every 39 seconds based on birth and death rates, and immigration into the country.
• As of 2017, the country's population growth rate was 1.7 percent.

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

• A full 90 percent of Algeria's population lives in the country's coastal northern region.
• The remaining 10 percent of the population lives throughout the Sahara desert.
• "There are about 1.5 million remaining nomadic and semi-nomadic people in the country."
• The country has a significant refugee population of about 96,000 people coming primarily from Western Sahara and China.
• The country's most populous city is Algiers, with a population of 1,977,663 people, followed by Boumerdas with 786,499 people.
• The majority of the country's population — 71.9 percent — lives in urban areas.

EDUCATION

• The country's population has an overall literacy rate of 80.2 percent, with a significant difference between men and women. Specifically, the male population has a literacy rate of 87.2 percent, while the female population has a literacy rate of 73.1 percent.
• Children in the country attend school until, on average, 14 years of age. For girls, the average age is 15.
• Despite the difference in literacy rates, women make up 60 percent of the country's university students.
•  Nearly 100 percent of primary-school-aged children in the country are enrolled in school.
• The typical Algerian child enters school for the first time at five years old, starting with one year of pre-primary education.

MARITAL STATUS

• Only .4 percent of the country's female population was married by age 15, and only 2.5 percent by age 18.
• In the past five years, the country's marriage rate has declined, while the divorce rate has increased.
• In 2018, only 350,000 marriages were recorded in the country, a decrease of five percent from 2016.

EMPLOYMENT

• As of 2019, Algeria had an unemployment rate of 11.70 percent, up slightly from 11.10 percent the previous year.
• Specifically, there are 1,440 people throughout the country who are considered unemployed.
•  Comparatively, 7,424 people throughout the country are engaged in full-time employment, and 10,859 are employed (including both full- and part-time employees).

POPULATION

• As of July 2019, Kuwait has a population of 4,216,631 covering an area of 17,820 square kilometers.
• There is a population density of approximately 237 people per square kilometer (population/area — 4,216,631/17,820=236.6).
• The country's population accounts for .05% of the world's population and ranks 129.
• Approximately 98% of the county's population is urbanized with an urbanization rate of 2.1% per year.
• About 83% of Kuwait's population lives in Kuwait City, the country's capital.
• According to the 2005 census and the 2011 census, which recorded 2,213,403 and 3,065,850 people respectively, the country's population has grown at a rate of 1.69% over the last 14 years.

AGE

• There is a total of 3,166,198 adults in Kuwait.
• The average age of people in the country is 29.3 years old.
• The majority of the Kuwait population are between the ages of 25 and 54 accounting for 52.32% of all residents.
• About one-fourth of the population is under the age of 15 accounting for 25.32% of all residents
• People between the ages of 15 and 24 account for 15.21% of all residents.
• People between the ages of 55 and 65 account for 4.82% of all residents.
• Only 2.33% of all residents are over the age of 65.

GENDER

• As of July 2019, there are more men that reside in Kuwait then women overall with 60.92% of the population recorded as male and 39.08% of the population recorded as female.
• This has remained relatively constant since the 2005 census which recorded 59.05% male and 40.95% female.
• The ratio is expected to remain constant in the future with a forecast percentage of 60.72% male and 39.28% female in 2025.
• The ratio of men to women is between 1.05-1.08 between birth to 14 years old, however, increases to 1.22-1.72 between the ages of 15-54

EDUCATION LEVEL

•  131,501 people in Kuwait are illiterate accounting for 3.12% of the population (total/population — 131,501/4,216,631=.0312 or 3.12%).
•  1,107,563 people in Kuwait are able to read and write with no other education accounting for 26.27% of the population (total/population — 1,107,563/4,216,631=.2627 or 26.27%).
•  372,601 people in Kuwait have an elementary education accounting for 8.84% of the population (total/population — 372,601/4,216,631=.0884 or 8.84%).
•  1,012,435 people in Kuwait have an intermediate level education accounting for 24.01% of the population (total/population — 1,012,435/4,216,631=.2401 or 24.01%).
•  462,927 people in Kuwait have a high school level education accounting for 10.98% of the population (total/population — 462,927/4,216,631=.1098 or 10.98%).
•  227,992 people in Kuwait have a diploma accounting for 5.4% of the population (total/population — 227,992/4,216,631=.054 or 5.4%).
•  321,874 people in Kuwait have a university education accounting for 7.63% of the population (total/population — 321,874/4,216,631=.0763 or 7.63%).
•  13,986 people in Kuwait have a postgraduate education accounting for .33% of the population (total/population — 13,986/4,216,631=.0033 or .33%).
• The remaining 13.42% of the population has an unreported education status. 

MARITAL STATUS

•  1,436,368 people in Kuwait have never been married accounting for 34.06% of the population (total/population — 1,436,368/4,216,631=.3406 or 34.06%).
•  2,132,015 people in Kuwait are married accounting for 50.56% of the population (total/population — 2,132,015/4,216,631=.5056 or 50.56%).
•  94,806 people in Kuwait are divorced accounting for 2.25% of the population (total/population — 94,806/4,216,631=.0225 or 2.25%).
• 38,882 people in Kuwait have never been married accounting for .92% of the population (total/population — 38,882/4,216,631=.0092 or .92%).
• The remaining 12.21% have an unreported marital status.

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION

•  459,218 people in Kuwait are government workers accounting for 10.89% of the population (total/population — 459,218/4,216,631=.1089 or 10.89%).
•  1,684,405 people in Kuwait are non-government workers accounting for 39.95% of the population (total/population — 1,684,405/4,216,631=.3995 or 39.95%).
•  648,092 people in Kuwait are domestic servants accounting for 15.37% of the population (total/population — 648,092/4,216,631=.1537 or 15.37%).
•  30,672 people in Kuwait are unemployed accounting for .73% of the population (total/population — 30,672/4,216,631=.0073 or .73%).
• The remaining 33.06% are students, housewives, or retired.